Same issue on:
Debian 9.9
GeForce GTX 670
nvidia-driver  430.40-1
Steam version of game - exact same error.
Game used to run and was playable, no longer even starts.

I found a workaround while wrestling with the same issue. Simply delete the vulkan-1.dll that comes with the game, or force vulkan-1 to builtin-only in winecfg.
Either option will force the game to use WINE's own vulkan-1 library. Hopefully it will work for you as well.

Keep in mind that, depending on your graphics card and/or driver, there's a chance that the game's performance will be atrocious compared to the older OpenGL-powered versions. The Vulkan switch seems to have been widely reported to be a crapshoot in that regard.

Workaround of setting library vulkan-1 to builtin-only fixes the no-startup issue. Game menuing loads and functions as expected.

Starting a game crashes to desktop in the startup starfield display.
See attached console log.

Created attachment 65089 [details]
console output from starting NMS.exe

Created attachment 65090 [details]
Game crash backtrace

Got slightly further in game load on second attempt - to the white "Initialse" screen - and then game crashed. (backtrace attached)

After suggested removal of the vulkan-1.dll it does not start on Mac.
With attached backtrace.

Relevant to Vulkan lines are:

0009:err:vulkan:get_vulkan_driver Wine was built without Vulkan support.
0009:err:vulkan:wine_vk_init Failed to load Wine graphics driver supporting Vulkan.
0009:err:module:find_forwarded_export module not found for forward 'winevulkan.wine_vkGetInstanceProcAddr' used by L"C:\\windows\\system32\\vulkan-1.dll"

I've tried to build wine, but ./configure --with-vulkan can't find headers, installation of seemingly related Vulkan-headers and molten-vk with brew did not help

Created attachment 65094 [details]
Game crash with builtin vulkan-1.dll on Mac

Confirm the vulkan-1 builtin issue and the enter game crash with Wine 4.14. Dlls in application directory should be preferred and it is correct for Wine. But then native vulkan-1 won't work obviously because it can't talk to graphic driver. Maybe we should add a registry override for vulkan-1.

As for the enter game crash, taking AMD graphics card for example, mesa 19.1.2 is missing a VK_EXT_shader_subgroup_ballot extension that the game needs and you need to update to mesa 19.2 to get that extension. So please check that you have the latest driver. Another workaround is to reduce terrain tessellation level to "Low", you can use the TKGRAPHICSSETTINGS.MXML attachment to replace ~/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files\ \(x86\)/Steam/steamapps/common/No\ Man\'s\ Sky/Binaries/SETTINGS/TKGRAPHICSSETTINGS.MXML and see if it works for you. Be sure to backup the old one first in case any thing gone wrong.

Created attachment 65155 [details]
Game config

(In reply to Zhiyi Zhang from comment #8)
> Wine. But then native vulkan-1 won't work obviously because it can't talk to
> graphic driver.
> 
Actually, that's supposed to work, but currently winevulkan needs to be manually registered in the prefix. See also bug 47109.

After creating winevulkan.json and adding registry keys from the bug 47109 NMS still does not start (on Mac) but with a different error message.

Now it says: "vkCreateInstance failed".

This is with wine-staging 4.14, wine-development 4.14 and wine 4.01 all installed with brew.

Created attachment 65178 [details]
NMS start with bug 47109 settings

NMS.exe with settings for vulkan-1.dll from bug 47109

I am also affected by this bug with gentoo and wine-staging 4.21. I used winetricks to install every vulkan-related thing I could find but it did not have any effect.

Unable to initialize Vulkan
(vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties failed.)

I can confirm that deleting vulkan-1.dll in the installation folder worked. The game runs very slowly however.

$ lsb_release -a
LSB Version:    n/a
Distributor ID: openSUSE
Description:    openSUSE Leap 15.2
Release:        15.2
Codename:       n/a

$ wine --version
wine-5.0

I installed and started NMS directly through Steam (had to enable Steam Play for all titles). With Proton 6.3 which uses WINE 6.3 the game starts without removing vulkan-1.dll (maybe it uses builtin by default now)

With regards to performance, there is some performance drop when compared to running directly on Windows. Current high end GPUs (GeForce RTX 2060) should be able to run it fine.

Hello,

i did an retest with wine 9.22 and the game (GOG version) runs out of the box.

Seems to be working again.
Not really needed because NMS is native on Mac now.

Closing bugs fixed in 10.0-rc2.